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5 October 1910 revolution
The establishment of the Portuguese Republic was the result of a ''coup d'état'' organised by the Portuguese Republican Party which, on 5 October 1910, deposed the constitutional monarchy and established a republican regime in Portugal.
The subjugation of the country to British colonial interests,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Implantação da República )〕 the royal family's expenses,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Ditadura de João Franco e a autoria moral e política de D. Carlos )〕 the power of the Church, the political and social instability, the system of alternating power of the two political parties (Progressive and Regenerador), João Franco's dictatorship,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=João Franco )〕 an apparent inability to adapt to modern times – all contributed to an unrelenting erosion of the Portuguese monarchy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1ª Republica – Dossier temático dirigido às Escolas )〕 The proponents of the republic, particularly the Republican Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= 5 de Outubro de 1910: a trajectória do republicanismo )〕 The Republican Party presented itself as the only one that had a programme that was capable of returning to the country its lost status and place Portugal on the way of progress.〔A este propósito ver citado na secção "O Partido Republicano Português" deste artigo.〕
After a reluctance of the military to combat the nearly two thousand soldiers and sailors that rebelled between 3 and 4 October 1910, the Republic was proclaimed at 9 o'clock of the next day from the balcony of the Paços do Concelho in Lisbon.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Primeira República – Biografia de João de Canto e Castro )〕 After the revolution, a provisional government led by Teófilo Braga directed the fate of the country until the approval of the Constitution in 1911 that marked the beginning of the First Republic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Constituição de 1911 – Infopédia )〕 Among other things, with the establishment of the republic, national symbols were changed: the national anthem and the flag. The revolution produced some civil and religious liberties, although there was no advance in women's rights and in workers rights, unlike what happened in other European countries.
==Lead up to the revolution==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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